01 - Preheat oven to 425°F. Line a baking sheet with parchment paper.
02 - In a large bowl, whisk together flour, baking powder, baking soda, salt, and pepper until well combined.
03 - Add cold butter cubes to the flour mixture. Using a pastry cutter or your fingertips, work butter into flour until mixture resembles coarse crumbs with some pea-sized pieces remaining.
04 - Stir in grated Gruyere cheese and chopped fresh sage until evenly distributed.
05 - Pour cold buttermilk into the bowl and mix gently with a fork until dough just comes together. Avoid overmixing to ensure tender biscuits.
06 - Turn dough onto a lightly floured surface. Pat gently into a 1-inch thick rectangle.
07 - Using a floured 2.5-inch biscuit cutter, cut straight down through dough without twisting. Gather scraps and press together gently to cut additional biscuits.
08 - Place biscuits on the prepared baking sheet, spacing them 1 inch apart. Brush tops with milk or cream if desired for a golden finish.
09 - Bake for 14 to 16 minutes until biscuits are golden brown and cooked through.
10 - Cool biscuits briefly on the baking sheet, then serve warm with salted butter or honey.